Define Mahavira.
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Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was a revered spiritual teacher and the 24th Tirthankara in Jainism, an ancient Indian religion. Born around the 6th century BCE in present-day Bihar, India, Mahavira is considered the central figure in the Jain tradition, following the teachings of the earlier Tirthankara Parshvanatha.
Mahavira renounced worldly life at the age of 30, embarking on a path of extreme asceticism and rigorous spiritual practice for 12 years. During this time, he achieved profound enlightenment (kevala jnana) and became a Jina, a conqueror of inner passions and ignorance.
Mahavira's teachings, encapsulated in Jain scriptures known as Agamas, emphasize the principles of non-violence (ahimsa), truthfulness (satya), non-stealing (asteya), celibacy (brahmacharya), and non-attachment (aparigraha). These principles form the foundation of Jain ethics.
His emphasis on non-violence extends beyond physical harm to encompass thoughts and words, influencing the Jain commitment to compassion and reverence for all living beings. Mahavira's philosophy advocates a path of self-discipline, non-possessiveness, and detachment to attain spiritual liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death.
Mahavira's teachings have profoundly shaped Jainism, making him a revered spiritual guide and a key figure in the development of Indian religious and philosophical thought. His life and principles continue to inspire Jain practitioners worldwide.