Define Sabda.
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In Indian philosophy, particularly within the Nyaya and Mimamsa traditions, "Sabda" refers to verbal testimony or verbal communication, and it is considered one of the valid means of knowledge, known as "Pramana."
Sabda Pramana, or knowledge derived from verbal testimony, holds that certain truths can be known through trustworthy verbal communication. This includes information obtained from scriptures, authoritative texts, or the statements of reliable individuals. The Nyaya tradition, especially, recognizes Sabda as an independent and reliable source of knowledge alongside other Pramanas like perception and inference.
The credibility of Sabda is contingent on the reliability of the speaker or the source. Trustworthiness, expertise, and moral integrity of the speaker are essential factors in determining the validity of verbal testimony. The concept of Sabda underscores the importance of language and communication in transmitting knowledge and understanding the world.
In religious contexts, Sabda is often associated with the sacred scriptures, where the words and teachings are considered authoritative and provide a source of spiritual knowledge. The Mimamsa school, in particular, delves into the analysis of the nature and validity conditions of Sabda as a Pramana, contributing to the rich tapestry of Indian epistemology.