Define Samanya-lakshan pratyaksha.
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Samanya-lakshan pratyaksha, in Indian philosophy, is a type of perceptual knowledge that arises from the recognition of a general or common property (Samanya) shared by a class of objects. This form of perceptual cognition is classified under the broader category of "pratyaksha" or direct perception.
In Samanya-lakshan pratyaksha, the perceiver observes a specific property common to a group of objects, allowing them to categorize or identify those objects based on the recognized universal feature. This recognition of a common property is considered a valid means of knowledge, contributing to the understanding of the world.
For example, if one sees several instances of horses and notices the common property of having four legs, the recognition of the shared characteristic of having four legs becomes the basis for perceptual knowledge. This knowledge is not solely about individual horses but extends to the general quality (Samanya) shared by all horses.
Samanya-lakshan pratyaksha is significant within the Nyaya-Vaisesika tradition, where it is distinguished from other forms of perceptual cognition that focus on specific details or individual qualities of objects. It exemplifies how perceptual knowledge can extend beyond particulars to grasp universal features, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse elements in the perceptual field.