Define Samanya-lakshan-pratyaksha.
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In Indian philosophy, particularly within the Nyaya-Vaisheshika tradition, "Samanya-lakshan-pratyaksha" refers to a specific type of perceptual knowledge or direct perception. This concept involves the recognition of a universal or general characteristic based on the perception of a particular feature or attribute. The term can be broken down as follows:
Samanya (Universal): This aspect of perception involves the recognition of a universal quality or characteristic that extends beyond the individual object being perceived. It refers to the abstraction of a general feature from a particular instance.
Lakshan (Characteristic): Lakshan refers to the specific characteristic or feature that is observed in a particular object. It is the particular trait that serves as the basis for recognizing a broader universal.
Pratyaksha (Perception): Pratyaksha is the general term for perception. In the context of Samanya-lakshan-pratyaksha, it specifically refers to direct perception that leads to the recognition of a universal characteristic based on the observation of a specific feature.
This type of perceptual knowledge is integral to Nyaya-Vaisheshika epistemology, highlighting the capacity of the mind to abstract and generalize from individual instances to recognize universal qualities. Samanya-lakshan-pratyaksha contributes to the understanding of how perceptual experiences can lead to broader, more abstract knowledge about the characteristics shared by a class of objects.