Define Social Stratification.

Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in a society based on various factors such as socio-economic status, wealth, education, race, ethnicity, and power. This structured inequality creates distinct social layers or strata, each with its own set of privileges, opportunities, and access to resources.

Key components of social stratification include:

1. Class Distinctions:

   • Economic factors play a significant role in social stratification, leading to the categorization of individuals into different socio-economic classes. These classes often determine access to education, employment, and overall quality of life.

2. Power and Authority:

   • Social stratification is closely linked to power dynamics, with certain groups or individuals having more influence and authority than others. This can manifest in political, institutional, or organizational contexts.

3. Social Mobility:

   • The degree of mobility within the social hierarchy reflects the extent to which individuals can move up or down the social ladder. Societies may exhibit varying levels of social mobility based on factors like meritocracy, inheritance, and opportunities for advancement.

4. Cultural and Ethnic Dimensions:

   • Cultural and ethnic factors contribute to social stratification, influencing how individuals are positioned within society. Discrimination and prejudice based on race or ethnicity can result in unequal access to resources and opportunities.

5. Status and Prestige:

   • Social stratification also involves the assignment of different levels of status and prestige to individuals or groups. Factors such as education, occupation, and lifestyle contribute to one's social standing.

Social stratification is a pervasive feature of human societies, and its consequences impact various aspects of life, including economic opportunities, educational attainment, and overall well-being. Societies grapple with the challenges of mitigating inequalities and fostering a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities to promote social cohesion and justice.