Define Solar energy.

Solar energy refers to the radiant energy emitted by the Sun, which can be harnessed and converted into usable forms of energy such as heat or electricity. This renewable energy source is abundant and freely available, making it a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels for meeting various energy needs.

There are two primary methods of harnessing solar energy:

1. Solar Thermal Energy: Solar thermal systems capture sunlight and convert it into heat energy. This can be achieved using solar collectors, which absorb sunlight to heat a fluid (such as water or oil) that can then be used for space heating, water heating, or industrial processes.

2. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy: Solar PV technology directly converts sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials (such as silicon) in solar panels. When sunlight strikes the solar cells, it generates an electric current through the photovoltaic effect, producing clean and renewable electricity.

Solar energy offers numerous benefits, including:

• Environmental Sustainability: Solar energy is clean and emits no greenhouse gases or air pollutants during operation, reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change.
• Energy Independence: Solar power reduces dependence on fossil fuels and imported energy sources, enhancing energy security.
• Cost Savings: Once installed, solar energy systems can provide long-term cost savings by reducing electricity bills and offering a stable and predictable energy source.
• Versatility: Solar energy can be utilized in diverse applications, from residential rooftop systems to large-scale solar farms and portable solar devices.

Overall, solar energy represents a promising renewable energy solution with the potential to contribute significantly to the transition towards a sustainable and low-carbon energy future.