| Describe a brief history of establishment of factories Act, 1948 in India. |
Describe a brief history of establishment of factories Act, 1948 in India.
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| Describe a brief history of establishment of factories Act, 1948 in India. |
The Factories Act of 1948 in India emerged as a response to the dire need for regulating working conditions in industrial settings during the early 20th century. Its establishment can be traced back to the colonial era, where the exploitative working conditions prevalent in factories drew attention from both British administrators and Indian nationalists.
The push for factory legislation began in the late 19th century due to growing concerns over the rampant exploitation of labor, particularly in industries such as textiles, jute, and mining. The early efforts were spearheaded by social reformers, trade unions, and workers' associations, who advocated for laws to safeguard the health, safety, and welfare of factory workers.
In 1881, the first Factory Act was enacted in India under British rule, primarily focusing on regulating the working hours of women and children in textile mills. Subsequent amendments and revisions were made to address emerging issues and expand the scope of regulations.
However, it was not until India gained independence in 1947 that comprehensive legislation addressing various aspects of factory working conditions was enacted. The Factories Act of 1948 was introduced to consolidate and amend the law relating to factories and to provide for the health, safety, welfare, and other working conditions of factory workers.
The Act was based on the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Labor in India (1929), the Labour Investigation Committee (1946), and the International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions. It incorporated provisions related to factory registration, working hours, employment of women and children, safety measures, welfare facilities, and penalties for non-compliance.
The Factories Act of 1948 marked a significant milestone in India's labor legislation, laying down the foundation for the regulation and improvement of working conditions in factories across the country. Over the years, the Act has undergone several amendments to address changing socio-economic realities and emerging challenges in the industrial sector.