Describe the prevailing power scenario in India.
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Describe the prevailing power scenario in India.
India's power sector is characterized by a mix of conventional and renewable energy sources, addressing the needs of a rapidly growing economy and population. As of 2024, India's installed power capacity exceeds 400 GW, with coal-fired power plants contributing around 50%, making coal the dominant energy source. However, the country is aggressively expanding its renewable energy portfolio, driven by ambitious government targets and international commitments to combat climate change.
Renewable energy, particularly solar and wind, has seen significant growth. India aims to achieve 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, with solar power being a major focus due to its abundant sunlight. Solar capacity has grown exponentially, reaching over 60 GW, and wind power contributes around 40 GW. The government supports this growth through policies like the National Solar Mission, incentives, and tariffs.
Hydropower and nuclear energy also play crucial roles. Hydropower accounts for about 12% of the total installed capacity, providing a stable and renewable source of energy. Nuclear energy, though a smaller share at around 2%, is essential for long-term energy security and reducing carbon emissions.
Despite these advancements, India faces significant challenges. The power infrastructure is aging, with frequent transmission and distribution losses. The country also grapples with regional disparities in power availability and quality. Urban areas generally enjoy reliable electricity, while rural areas still suffer from inadequate supply.
The power sector is also transitioning towards smart grids and energy storage solutions to enhance efficiency and integrate more renewable energy. Government initiatives like the UDAY scheme aim to reform electricity distribution and address financial issues faced by power distribution companies.
In summary, while India's power sector is rapidly evolving with a strong push towards renewable energy, it continues to rely heavily on coal, and substantial efforts are needed to modernize the infrastructure and ensure equitable distribution of power.