Differentiate between ‘Capture fisheries’ and ‘Culture fisheries’, highlighting their types and categories.

Capture Fisheries and Culture Fisheries are two primary methods of obtaining fish and seafood, each involving distinct approaches and practices:

Capture Fisheries:

• Definition: Capture fisheries involve catching fish and other aquatic organisms from natural water bodies such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.
• Types:
  1. Marine Fisheries: Fishing activities carried out in saltwater bodies like oceans and seas, targeting species like tuna, cod, and sardines.
  2. Inland Fisheries: Fishing activities conducted in freshwater bodies like rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, targeting species like carp, catfish, and tilapia.
• Categories:
  1. Commercial Fisheries: Large-scale fishing operations targeting fish for sale in markets and for export.
  2. Subsistence Fisheries: Small-scale fishing activities carried out by local communities for personal consumption and livelihood.

Culture Fisheries (Aquaculture):

• Definition: Culture fisheries involve the controlled cultivation of fish and other aquatic organisms in enclosed environments such as ponds, tanks, cages, and raceways.
• Types:
  1. Freshwater Aquaculture: Rearing of fish species in freshwater environments like ponds and tanks.
  2. Mariculture: Cultivation of marine species in saltwater environments such as open ocean pens or enclosed coastal areas.
• Categories:
  1. Pond Culture: Rearing of fish in freshwater ponds, utilizing natural or artificial ponds.
  2. Cage Culture: Growing fish in submerged cages placed in natural or man-made water bodies.

In summary, capture fisheries involve harvesting fish from natural water bodies through fishing, whereas culture fisheries focus on controlled cultivation of fish and seafood in designated environments. Both methods contribute significantly to global fish production and seafood supply, catering to different market demands and sustainability objectives.