Differentiate between fibre optic cables and microwave.

Fiber Optic Cables:

1. Transmission Medium: Fiber optic cables use glass or plastic fibers to transmit data using light pulses.
2. Speed: Fiber optic cables can transmit data at very high speeds, typically ranging from 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps or more.
3. Bandwidth: They have a very high bandwidth, capable of carrying large amounts of data over long distances.
4. Distance: Fiber optic cables can transmit data over long distances, up to tens of kilometers without the need for repeaters.
5. Security: They are secure and difficult to tap into, as they do not emit electromagnetic signals that can be intercepted.
6. Installation: Installation of fiber optic cables can be complex and expensive, requiring specialized equipment and expertise.
7. Reliability: Fiber optic cables are highly reliable and less susceptible to interference from electromagnetic radiation.
8. Maintenance: They require minimal maintenance once installed, as they are not susceptible to environmental factors like weather.

Microwave:

1. Transmission Medium: Microwave communication uses radio waves to transmit data through the air.
2. Speed: Microwave transmission can achieve high speeds, typically ranging from 1 Mbps to 10 Gbps.
3. Bandwidth: Microwave systems have a limited bandwidth compared to fiber optic cables, which can affect the amount of data they can carry.
4. Distance: Microwave transmission is limited by line-of-sight and atmospheric conditions, typically ranging from a few kilometers to tens of kilometers.
5. Security: Microwave signals can be intercepted more easily than fiber optic cables, making them less secure for transmitting sensitive data.
6. Installation: Installation of microwave systems is simpler and more cost-effective than laying fiber optic cables, especially in remote or difficult-to-access areas.
7. Reliability: Microwave systems are susceptible to interference from weather conditions such as rain, fog, and snow, which can affect signal quality and reliability.
8. Maintenance: Microwave systems require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance, especially in areas prone to weather-related interference.

In summary, fiber optic cables are ideal for high-speed, high-bandwidth, and secure data transmission over long distances, while microwave communication is more suitable for shorter distances and areas where laying cables is not feasible or cost-effective.