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Asked: 2024-01-21T16:01:04+05:30

Differentiate between Phenomenology and Ethnography.

Differentiate between Phenomenology and Ethnography.

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      Criteria Phenomenology Ethnography
      Primary Focus Understanding the essence of human experiences and phenomena as they are subjectively lived and perceived by individuals. Studying the culture, behaviors, and social practices of a specific group or community within its natural context.
      Key Question "What is the essence or meaning of this experience or phenomenon for the individuals involved?" "How do people within this cultural group or community live, behave, and interact in their natural environment?"
      Research Orientation Individual experiences and consciousness are central, emphasizing the subjective perspective of participants. Cultural practices, social interactions, and group dynamics are central, focusing on the collective behavior and context.
      Data Collection In-depth interviews and participant observations to explore the rich details of individual experiences and perceptions. Participant observations, interviews, field notes, and artifact analysis to capture cultural practices and social behaviors within a community.
      Data Analysis Identifying and describing common themes, patterns, and structures within individual experiences and perceptions. Interpretation of cultural meanings, social norms, and contextual factors that shape the behaviors and practices of a community.
      Sampling Often involves purposive or snowball sampling to select participants with specific experiences related to the research question. Typically employs purposeful sampling to select participants who represent the cultural group or community of interest.
      Role of Researcher The researcher strives to bracket their preconceptions and biases to gain an empathetic understanding of the participants' experiences. The researcher often participates in the community's daily life, becoming immersed in their culture, and acknowledging their own influence on the research process.
      Reporting Emphasizes thick descriptions and narratives that convey the essence of individual experiences. Presents detailed accounts of cultural practices, social interactions, and community dynamics, often with quotes and anecdotes.
      Generalization Phenomenological findings are often not intended for broad generalization but provide insights into the essence of specific experiences or phenomena. Ethnographic findings aim to provide an in-depth understanding of a specific cultural group or community, with limited generalization to other contexts.
      Theoretical Framework Draws on philosophical traditions, including existentialism and hermeneutics, to explore human consciousness and subjectivity. Often grounded in anthropology and sociology, utilizing theories of culture, social structure, and symbolic interactionism.
      Examples Studying the lived experience of cancer patients to understand the essence of their illness experience. Immersing in a remote tribal community to document their cultural practices, rituals, and social structures.
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