Discuss in brief S. S. Sarkar’s classification of Indian population.

1. Introduction:

S. S. Sarkar, an eminent Indian anthropologist, proposed a classification of the Indian population based on various anthropometric and genetic characteristics. His classification system aims to categorize the diverse populations of India into distinct groups to better understand their biological diversity and historical origins.

2. Mongoloid Population:

Sarkar identified the Mongoloid population as one of the major racial groups in India. This group includes populations residing in the northeastern regions of India, such as the tribes of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. Mongoloid populations are characterized by distinctive physical features such as epicanthic folds, straight hair, and broader facial features. They are believed to have migrated from East Asia and have a significant genetic and cultural affinity with Southeast Asian populations.

3. Dravidian Population:

The Dravidian population is another major racial group identified by Sarkar. This group primarily encompasses populations inhabiting South India, including the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Dravidian populations are characterized by dark skin tones, curly or wavy hair, and distinctive facial features. They are believed to be descendants of the ancient Dravidian civilization and have a unique linguistic and cultural heritage.

4. Indo-Aryan Population:

Sarkar also classified the Indo-Aryan population as a significant racial group in India. This group comprises populations predominantly residing in North India, including the Indo-Gangetic plains and parts of Central India. Indo-Aryan populations are characterized by lighter skin tones, straight or wavy hair, and diverse facial features. They are believed to have migrated from Central Asia and played a significant role in shaping the cultural and linguistic landscape of North India.

5. Negrito Population:

The Negrito population represents a distinct racial group identified by Sarkar, primarily inhabiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and certain isolated pockets in South India. Negrito populations are characterized by dark skin tones, tightly curled hair, and short stature. They are believed to be among the earliest inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent, with genetic and anthropological evidence suggesting their ancient lineage and isolation from external migrations.

6. Conclusion:

S. S. Sarkar's classification of the Indian population provides valuable insights into the biological diversity and historical origins of various ethnic groups inhabiting the Indian subcontinent. By categorizing populations based on anthropometric and genetic characteristics, Sarkar's classification system helps researchers and policymakers better understand the complex social, cultural, and genetic interactions shaping India's demographic landscape. However, it is essential to recognize the limitations of racial classifications and the need for sensitivity to diverse identities and experiences within the Indian population.