Discuss the salient aspects of the Hyderabad administrative set up.

1. Introduction:

The administrative setup of Hyderabad, a princely state in British India, featured distinctive characteristics that set it apart from other regions. This discussion explores the salient aspects of the administrative system in Hyderabad, encompassing its historical background, governance structure, and notable features.

2. Historical Context:

Hyderabad, also known as the Nizamate of Hyderabad, was established in 1724 by the Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah, who was granted the title of Nizam by the Mughal Emperor. The state played a crucial role in Indian history, navigating the complexities of British colonial rule, and eventually becoming the largest and most prosperous princely state.

3. Nizam's Dominion:

Under the Asaf Jahi dynasty, the Nizams of Hyderabad exercised a considerable degree of autonomy within the framework of the British paramountcy. The Nizam, as the paramount ruler, enjoyed sovereign powers over his dominion, including control over internal affairs, taxation, and administration.

4. Feudal Structure:

Hyderabad's administrative setup reflected a feudal structure characterized by the presence of nobility and jagirdars. The Nizam appointed nobles and granted jagirs (land grants) to them in return for their services, creating a hierarchical system that mirrored traditional feudal norms.

5. Administrative Divisions:

The state was divided into several administrative divisions, including districts and taluks. Each district was headed by a collector, and the taluks were administered by tahsildars. This administrative framework facilitated the collection of revenue, maintenance of law and order, and governance at the local level.

6. Diwan and Administrative Functions:

The Diwan, or Prime Minister, played a pivotal role in the administrative machinery. Appointed by the Nizam, the Diwan was responsible for overseeing various administrative functions, including revenue collection, judicial matters, and the overall governance of the state. The administrative apparatus was structured to efficiently manage the diverse needs of the populace.

7. Revenue System:

Hyderabad's revenue system was primarily based on the land revenue collected from the agricultural sector. The administration implemented a unique revenue settlement called the "raiyatwari" system, which involved direct assessment on individual cultivators. This differed from other regions in British India, showcasing the state's autonomy in shaping its revenue policies.

8. Judicial System:

The judicial system in Hyderabad operated under Islamic law, and the Qazi-ul-Quzat, the Chief Justice, presided over the Nizam's court. Islamic jurisprudence governed civil and criminal cases, with the Qazi-ul-Quzat applying principles derived from Sharia law. This reflected the influence of Islamic traditions on the legal framework of the princely state.

9. Educational Institutions:

Hyderabad was home to several educational institutions, including the prestigious Osmania University, founded in 1918. The Nizams were patrons of education, and the state invested in the establishment of schools, colleges, and libraries. This emphasis on education contributed to the intellectual and cultural development of the region.

10. Police and Military Forces:

Maintaining law and order was essential for the stability of the state. Hyderabad had its police force, and the military forces were under the command of the Nizam. The military played a crucial role in safeguarding the state's borders and interests.

11. Cultural and Economic Development:

Hyderabad was known for its rich cultural heritage and economic prosperity. The state promoted art, literature, and architecture, evident in the architectural marvels such as the Charminar and the Golconda Fort. Economic activities such as trade, handicrafts, and agriculture flourished, contributing to the overall prosperity of the region.

12. Integration with India:

In 1948, Hyderabad faced integration with the newly independent India. The Nizam initially sought to remain independent, but internal pressures and the threat of military intervention by India led to the integration of Hyderabad into the Indian Union. This marked the end of the princely state's distinctive administrative setup.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the administrative setup of Hyderabad during its time as a princely state was marked by a unique blend of feudal traditions, Islamic governance, and cultural and economic prosperity. The autonomy enjoyed by the Nizam, the raiyatwari revenue system, the influence of Islamic law in the judiciary, and the patronage of education contributed to the distinctive features of Hyderabad's administrative structure. Despite its eventual integration into India, the historical legacy of Hyderabad's administrative system remains a significant aspect of India's diverse and complex heritage.