Elaborate on the following: i) Carbonated beverage ii) Adulterant found in chana dal/ besan. iii) Constituents of tea.

i) Carbonated beverage: A carbonated beverage, also known as soda or fizzy drink, is a beverage that has been infused with carbon dioxide gas under pressure. This carbonation creates bubbles and fizziness, giving the drink its characteristic effervescence. Carbonated beverages can be either sweetened (e.g., cola, lemon-lime soda) or unsweetened (e.g., sparkling water). They are often flavored with natural or artificial flavors. The carbonation process can affect the taste and mouthfeel of the beverage, making it refreshing and enjoyable to consume. However, excessive consumption of sugary carbonated beverages has been linked to health issues like obesity, dental problems, and increased risk of metabolic diseases.

ii) Adulterant found in chana dal/besan: One common adulterant found in chana dal (split chickpeas) and besan (gram flour) is metanil yellow, a synthetic dye that is used illegally to enhance the bright yellow color of the dal or flour. Metanil yellow is harmful to health and can cause adverse effects when consumed regularly, including digestive issues and allergic reactions. Other adulterants found in these products may include sand, sawdust, or other cheaper materials added to increase bulk or weight, leading to economic fraud and compromised nutritional value.

iii) Constituents of tea: Tea leaves contain various constituents that contribute to its flavor, aroma, and potential health benefits. The primary constituents of tea include:

• Caffeine: A natural stimulant that provides a boost in energy and alertness.
• Polyphenols: Including flavonoids and catechins, which are antioxidants believed to have protective effects against diseases.
• Amino acids: Such as L-theanine, which can promote relaxation and improve mental focus.
• Vitamins and minerals: Tea contains small amounts of vitamins (like vitamin C) and minerals (such as manganese and potassium).
• Essential oils: These contribute to the aroma and flavor of tea.

The specific composition of tea can vary depending on the type (e.g., green tea, black tea, oolong tea) and processing methods. Regular consumption of tea, especially without added sugar, is associated with potential health benefits, including improved heart health and reduced risk of certain chronic diseases.