Explain Agro Forestry.
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Agroforestry is a sustainable land use system that integrates trees or shrubs with crops and/or livestock in a managed and interactive manner within agricultural landscapes. It involves deliberately combining agricultural crops or livestock with trees and woody vegetation to create mutual benefits and optimize productivity.
In agroforestry systems, trees are strategically planted alongside agricultural crops or grazing areas to provide multiple benefits, including:
Diversified Products: Agroforestry allows for the simultaneous production of food, fodder, fuelwood, timber, fruits, and other non-timber forest products.
Improved Soil Health: Trees in agroforestry systems contribute organic matter, fix nitrogen, improve soil structure, and prevent erosion.
Enhanced Biodiversity: Agroforestry supports diverse habitats for wildlife, beneficial insects, and microorganisms, promoting ecological balance.
Climate Resilience: Trees in agroforestry systems contribute to carbon sequestration, mitigate climate change impacts, and enhance resilience to extreme weather events.
Economic Benefits: Agroforestry diversifies income sources, improves livelihoods, and enhances farm profitability through increased yields and added-value products.
Examples of agroforestry practices include alley cropping, where rows of trees are planted between rows of crops; silvopasture, integrating trees with pasture for livestock grazing; and agro-silvopastoral systems combining trees, crops, and livestock. Agroforestry promotes sustainable land management, environmental conservation, and resilient agricultural systems suitable for varying ecological and socio-economic contexts.