Explain Bardoli Satyagraha.
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The Bardoli Satyagraha was a prominent non-violent resistance movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1928 against the oppressive tax policies imposed by the British colonial government in Bardoli, a region in Gujarat, India. The satyagraha, characterized by its peaceful and non-cooperative nature, aimed to protest against the exorbitant land revenue rates that burdened the local farmers.
The British had increased the land revenue rates in Bardoli, despite poor crop yields and economic distress in the region. The burden of these taxes pushed the agrarian community to the brink of impoverishment. In response to the unjust tax hikes, the farmers sought the guidance of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who later came to be known as the "Iron Man of India."
Under the leadership of Sardar Patel, the Bardoli Satyagraha was initiated in 1928. The movement adopted non-violent resistance and non-cooperation strategies, including the refusal to pay taxes and peaceful protests. Patel, in consultation with Mahatma Gandhi, devised a strategy of non-violent non-cooperation that focused on unity among the villagers.
The satyagrahis, led by Sardar Patel, engaged in non-violent protests, boycotts, and non-cooperation with the authorities. They refused to yield to the oppressive tax demands and were prepared to face the consequences of their non-compliance. The movement garnered widespread support from the local community, cutting across caste and class lines.
Recognizing the strength and determination of the satyagrahis and the growing unrest, the British government decided to negotiate with Sardar Patel. In 1928, an agreement was reached, commonly known as the Bardoli Pact. The terms of the agreement included the rollback of the increased tax rates and a refund of the excess taxes collected.
The Bardoli Satyagraha marked a significant victory for the farmers and became a symbol of successful non-violent resistance against unjust policies. Sardar Patel's leadership during Bardoli earned him the title of "Sardar," meaning leader. The success of Bardoli added to the momentum of the broader Civil Disobedience Movement in India, further emphasizing the efficacy of non-violent protest in the struggle for independence.