Explain Classification of the population of India by BS Guha.
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Classification of the Population of India by B.S. Guha
B.S. Guha, a renowned demographer, presented a classification of the population of India based on occupational categories in his seminal work. His classification provided a comprehensive understanding of the diverse economic activities that characterized different segments of the population.
1. Agricultural Population:
Guha's classification acknowledged the significant portion of India's population engaged in agriculture. This category included farmers, cultivators, and agricultural laborers. The agricultural sector has historically been a vital component of India's economy, and this classification highlighted the substantial reliance on farming as a livelihood.
2. Non-Agricultural Population:
Guha also classified a substantial segment of the population as non-agricultural. This category encompassed individuals engaged in various non-farm economic activities such as manufacturing, trade, and services. It reflected the growing diversification of the Indian economy and the emergence of urban centers as hubs for non-agricultural pursuits.
3. Urban Population:
Recognizing the shift towards urbanization, Guha classified the population residing in towns and cities separately. The urban population was characterized by its engagement in industrial, commercial, and service-oriented occupations. This distinction highlighted the changing socio-economic landscape as urban centers became focal points for economic and social activities.
4. Rural Population:
Complementing the urban classification, Guha identified a significant rural population. This category comprised individuals living in villages and primarily engaged in agriculture. The rural-urban divide emphasized the disparities in economic opportunities, infrastructure, and quality of life between urban and rural settings.
5. Organized Sector:
Guha's classification considered the organized sector, which included individuals working in formally structured industries, enterprises, and government organizations. This segment reflected a more regulated and institutionalized form of employment, often characterized by fixed working hours, formal contracts, and social security benefits.
6. Unorganized Sector:
In contrast, Guha acknowledged the existence of a vast unorganized sector. This category encompassed informal and self-employed workers, often engaged in small-scale enterprises, street vending, and other unregulated economic activities. The unorganized sector highlighted the challenges associated with job security, lack of formal benefits, and income variability.
7. Professional and White-Collar Workers:
Guha's classification also recognized the growing importance of professions and white-collar occupations. This category included individuals employed in fields such as medicine, law, education, and information technology. It highlighted the increasing diversification of occupational choices beyond traditional agricultural and industrial roles.
In summary, B.S. Guha's classification of the population of India provided a nuanced understanding of the diverse occupational and economic activities that shaped the socio-economic landscape. By categorizing the population based on agriculture, urbanization, organized and unorganized sectors, and professional occupations, Guha's work laid the foundation for comprehensive demographic analysis, contributing valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and planners.