Explain Features of caste.

Features of Caste:

Caste is a rigid social stratification system characterized by specific features that define its structure and functioning:

1. Hereditary Membership: Caste is primarily determined by birth, with individuals inheriting their caste status from their parents. Membership is generally fixed and lifelong.

2. Endogamy: Caste groups traditionally practice endogamy, marrying within their own caste. This reinforces social boundaries, preserving distinct identities and minimizing social interaction between castes.

3. Occupational Specialization: Each caste is associated with specific occupations, dictating the type of work its members are expected to perform. This occupational specialization contributes to the economic and social structure of the caste system.

4. Social Hierarchy: Caste societies are characterized by a hierarchical arrangement, with some castes considered superior to others. The hierarchy is often linked to notions of purity and pollution.

5. Rituals and Customs: Caste systems are reinforced through religious rituals and customs that dictate social interactions, ceremonies, and daily practices. Ritual purity and adherence to prescribed customs are essential for maintaining caste distinctions.

6. Limited Social Mobility: Traditionally, social mobility within the caste system is limited, as an individual's status is predominantly determined by birth. The rigid structure inhibits significant upward mobility.

7. Discrimination and Untouchability: Historically, lower castes, especially the "Dalits" or "Untouchables," have faced discrimination and segregation. The concept of untouchability involves avoiding physical contact with certain castes due to perceived ritual impurity.

8. Social and Spatial Segregation: Caste groups often reside in specific areas, leading to spatial segregation. This segregation extends to social spaces, limiting interactions between different castes.

9. Caste-Based Organizations: Caste-based organizations or associations play a role in preserving and promoting the interests of specific castes. These organizations may advocate for social, economic, or political rights for their respective caste groups.

10. Persistency and Endurance: Despite socio-economic changes and legal reforms, caste systems, particularly in some parts of the world like India, continue to persist. Enduring traditions, social norms, and cultural practices contribute to the longevity of the caste system.

These features collectively define the complex and deeply entrenched nature of caste systems, influencing social relationships, economic opportunities, and cultural practices within societies where they are prevalent.