Explain Functionalism.
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Functionalism is a psychological perspective that focuses on the adaptive functions of mental processes and behaviors. It emerged in the late 19th century as a reaction to structuralism, emphasizing the practical purpose of consciousness and behavior in helping individuals adapt to their environment. Functionalism sought to understand the evolutionary benefits of mental processes and behaviors, emphasizing their role in promoting survival and adaptation. Prominent figures associated with functionalism include William James and John Dewey.