Explain Gandhi’s arguments against Modern Civilisation.

Gandhi's arguments against modern civilization were rooted in his critique of its moral, social, and environmental consequences. He believed that the rapid industrialization and material progress associated with modern civilization had detrimental effects on humanity's well-being and ethical values.

1. Moral Decline:
   Gandhi observed a moral decline in modern civilization, emphasizing the pursuit of material wealth at the expense of spiritual and ethical values. The emphasis on consumerism and the relentless pursuit of economic growth, according to Gandhi, led to a neglect of higher moral principles, fostering selfishness, and individualism.

2. Exploitation and Injustice:
   Gandhi was critical of the economic structures of modern civilization, which he saw as promoting exploitation and injustice. Industrialization and capitalism, in his view, often led to the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few, while the majority faced poverty and deprivation. He argued that modern civilization failed to address the inherent inequalities in the distribution of resources.

3. Environmental Consequences:
   Gandhi expressed concerns about the environmental impact of modern civilization. The industrialization and technological advancements, according to him, led to the depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. He advocated for a sustainable and harmonious relationship between humans and nature, emphasizing the need for responsible stewardship of the Earth.

4. Dehumanization and Alienation:
   Gandhi critiqued the dehumanizing aspects of modern civilization, particularly the alienation of individuals from their own humanity. He argued that mechanization and mass production reduced individuals to mere cogs in the industrial machinery, contributing to a sense of alienation and loss of human connection.

5. Spiritual Bankruptcy:
   Gandhi believed that the relentless pursuit of material progress often resulted in spiritual bankruptcy. The emphasis on external achievements overshadowed inner growth and the cultivation of virtues such as compassion, humility, and selflessness. Gandhi advocated for a holistic approach that balanced material progress with spiritual and ethical development.

In summary, Gandhi's arguments against modern civilization were multifaceted, encompassing concerns about moral decline, economic exploitation, environmental consequences, dehumanization, and spiritual bankruptcy. He sought a more balanced and sustainable approach to human progress, emphasizing the importance of ethical values, justice, and a harmonious relationship with both humanity and nature.