Explain Green Revolution.

The Green Revolution refers to a period of rapid agricultural transformation characterized by the adoption of high-yielding crop varieties, modern farming techniques, and intensive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation technologies. Originating in the 1960s, the Green Revolution aimed to increase agricultural productivity, food production, and rural incomes to address growing concerns about food security and famine in developing countries, particularly in Asia and Latin America. The development and widespread adoption of high-yielding crop varieties, such as dwarf wheat and rice varieties, led to significant increases in crop yields and agricultural output, enabling countries like India, Mexico, and the Philippines to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. While the Green Revolution succeeded in alleviating hunger and poverty for many people, it also raised concerns about environmental degradation, water depletion, soil erosion, and social inequalities. Critics argue that the Green Revolution's focus on monoculture, chemical inputs, and large-scale farming has led to unsustainable agricultural practices and marginalized smallholder farmers. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on sustainable agriculture and agroecological approaches to address the shortcomings of the Green Revolution and promote more environmentally friendly and equitable food systems.