Explain India’s role in Sri Lanka ethnic conflict.

India's role in the Sri Lankan ethnic conflict has been multifaceted, evolving over several decades in response to changing political dynamics and security concerns. India's involvement in the conflict stemmed from its geographical proximity to Sri Lanka, historical ties with the Tamil population, and strategic interests in the region.

During the early stages of the conflict, India initially provided political and moral support to the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka, particularly the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), in their struggle for autonomy and rights. However, India's intervention escalated in the 1980s due to concerns about the plight of Tamil civilians and the potential spillover of the conflict into its own territory.

In 1987, India brokered the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord, which aimed to address the grievances of the Tamil minority and devolve power to the regions through the establishment of provincial councils. As part of the accord, India also deployed the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to Sri Lanka to enforce the terms of the agreement and disarm the LTTE. However, the IPKF's presence was met with resistance from the LTTE and resulted in a protracted and bloody conflict that claimed thousands of lives on both sides.

India's involvement in Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict faced criticism from various quarters, including allegations of human rights abuses by the IPKF and tensions with the Sri Lankan government. Ultimately, India withdrew its forces from Sri Lanka in 1990, following the assassination of former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi by a LTTE suicide bomber.

Despite the challenges and setbacks, India continued to engage diplomatically with Sri Lanka and support efforts towards a peaceful resolution of the conflict. India provided humanitarian assistance, development aid, and capacity-building support to Sri Lanka's post-war reconstruction and reconciliation efforts. India also advocated for a political solution that addresses the grievances of all communities and promotes inclusive governance and respect for human rights.

In recent years, India's relations with Sri Lanka have focused on economic cooperation, infrastructure development, and regional security cooperation, while also maintaining a commitment to supporting Sri Lanka's reconciliation process and the aspirations of its diverse population.

Overall, India's role in the Sri Lankan ethnic conflict reflects its complex relationship with its neighbor, characterized by a mix of strategic interests, humanitarian concerns, and efforts to promote regional stability and cooperation. While India's interventions in Sri Lanka's conflict have faced challenges and criticism, its engagement underscores the importance of constructive dialogue, diplomacy, and cooperation in addressing complex and longstanding conflicts.