Explain Jawaharlal Nehru’s Scientific Humanism.

Jawaharlal Nehru's concept of "Scientific Humanism" reflected his vision for India's development and progress based on the principles of science, reason, and human welfare. Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, believed in harnessing scientific knowledge and technology to advance societal well-being and promote a rational, modern outlook. Here's an explanation of Nehru's Scientific Humanism:

1. Emphasis on Scientific Temper:
   Nehru emphasized the importance of cultivating a scientific temper among the Indian populace. He believed that scientific knowledge and critical thinking were essential for overcoming superstitions, dogmas, and backwardness. Nehru promoted investment in scientific education and research to foster a culture of innovation and inquiry.

2. Advancement of Technology and Industrialization:
   Nehru viewed technological advancement and industrialization as key drivers of economic development and social progress. He advocated for building a strong industrial base through initiatives like the establishment of public sector enterprises (PSUs) and investment in infrastructure projects. Nehru's policies aimed to transform India into a modern, self-reliant nation.

3. Commitment to Social Justice and Welfare:
   Nehru's Scientific Humanism prioritized the welfare of all sections of society. He believed in using scientific advancements to address poverty, inequality, and social disparities. Nehru's government implemented policies to promote land reforms, expand healthcare and education, and improve living standards for the masses.

4. Internationalism and Peaceful Coexistence:
   Nehru's vision of Scientific Humanism extended to the global stage. He advocated for peaceful coexistence among nations and supported international cooperation in science, technology, and diplomacy. Nehru played a key role in shaping India's foreign policy based on principles of non-alignment and solidarity with other developing countries.

5. Legacy of Modern Institutions:
   Nehru's emphasis on scientific education and research laid the foundation for the establishment of premier institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). These institutions became centers of excellence driving India's technological advancement.

In summary, Jawaharlal Nehru's Scientific Humanism combined a commitment to scientific rationality, economic progress, social justice, and international cooperation. Nehru's vision continues to influence India's approach to development, education, and innovation, emphasizing the transformative power of science and technology in improving human lives and shaping a progressive society.