Explain Maurya’s administrative system.

The Mauryan Empire, founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE, established one of the earliest and most efficient administrative systems in ancient India. Here's a brief overview of the Mauryan administrative system:

1. Centralized Authority: The Mauryan administration was highly centralized, with the emperor holding supreme authority. Chandragupta Maurya's prime minister, Kautilya (also known as Chanakya), played a crucial role in formulating administrative policies.

2. Division of Empire: The Mauryan Empire was divided into provinces called "Janapadas," each governed by a "Mahamatya" or provincial governor. These provinces were further subdivided into districts known as "Vishayas" or "Nadus."

3. Administrative Officials: The empire had a hierarchy of administrative officials, including "Amatyas" or ministers who advised the king, "Yukti" or auditors who monitored state finances, and "Pradeshikas" responsible for local administration.

4. Revenue System: The Mauryan administration collected revenue through a well-organized system known as "Bhaga" or "Tax-farming." Land revenue was one of the primary sources of income for the state.

5. Dharma: The concept of "Dharma" played a significant role in governance. The emperor was expected to uphold moral and ethical principles and ensure the welfare of his subjects.

6. Security and Communication: The Mauryan Empire maintained a network of spies and postal systems known as "Dharmachakras" to gather information and communicate across the vast territory.

7. Asokan Inscriptions: Emperor Ashoka's inscriptions, found throughout the empire, conveyed his commitment to ethical governance, religious tolerance, and social welfare.

The Mauryan administrative system set a precedent for future Indian dynasties and left a lasting impact on the governance and organization of ancient Indian states.