Explain Pleistocene Epoch.

The Pleistocene Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 2.6 million years ago to approximately 11,700 years ago, making it one of the most recent epochs in Earth's history. It is characterized by a series of glacial and interglacial cycles, during which extensive ice sheets advanced and retreated across the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

The Pleistocene was a time of significant climatic fluctuations, marked by repeated ice ages and warm interglacial periods. These climate changes had a profound impact on Earth's landscapes, ecosystems, and biodiversity. The advance of glaciers during ice ages created vast ice sheets that covered much of North America, Europe, and Asia, shaping the geography of these regions.

During the Pleistocene, early humans, including Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and eventually Homo sapiens, evolved and adapted to changing environments. They developed innovative tools and techniques for survival, art, and communication.

The epoch came to an end with the transition to the Holocene Epoch, which continues to the present day. The Pleistocene's climatic fluctuations and the evolution of early humans are essential aspects of Earth's recent geological and anthropological history.