Explain Reformation.
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The Reformation was a 16th-century religious and social movement that sought to reform the Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of Protestantism. Initiated by figures such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others, the Reformation challenged certain doctrines, practices, and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Key aspects of the Reformation included objections to practices like the sale of indulgences, criticism of the hierarchical structure of the Church, and a call for a return to the authority of the Bible. Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, posted in 1517, is often considered the catalyst for the Reformation.
The movement resulted in the fragmentation of Western Christianity into Catholicism and various Protestant denominations. The establishment of new Protestant churches, such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism, marked a significant shift in religious landscape and contributed to the diversification of Christian beliefs.
The Reformation had profound socio-political implications, influencing the development of modern Western thought, the rise of individualism, and the emergence of diverse religious perspectives. It played a pivotal role in shaping the religious and cultural landscape of Europe and contributed to broader historical transformations during the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods.