Explain Rowlatt Act.
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The Rowlatt Act, officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, was a repressive legislation passed by the British colonial government in India during the aftermath of World War I. Named after its sponsor, Sir Sidney Rowlatt, the Act was enacted on March 21, 1919.
The Rowlatt Act aimed to empower the colonial authorities to combat revolutionary activities by allowing for the arrest and detention of individuals without trial and the imposition of stricter control over the press. It granted the government the authority to imprison any person suspected of involvement in revolutionary or seditious activities without presenting the evidence in court.
The Act sparked widespread protests and opposition across India, as it was perceived as a severe infringement on civil liberties and a violation of the principles of justice. The discontent culminated in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar on April 13, 1919, when British troops fired on a peaceful gathering, resulting in numerous casualties. The Rowlatt Act fueled the momentum of the Indian independence movement, leading to intensified protests and eventually the demand for complete self-rule.