Explain Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan.
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Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was a flagship program launched by the Government of India in 2001 with the aim of achieving universalization of elementary education (grades 1-8) and ensuring quality education for all children in the age group of 6-14 years. The program emphasized providing free and compulsory education to all children to bridge educational disparities and promote inclusive schooling.
Key features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan include:
Universal Access: SSA focused on ensuring access to elementary education for all children, especially those from marginalized and disadvantaged communities, including girls, children with disabilities, and children from rural areas.
Quality Improvement: The program aimed to improve the quality of education by enhancing infrastructure, providing teacher training, developing curriculum materials, and promoting innovative teaching-learning practices.
Community Participation: SSA emphasized community involvement in planning, monitoring, and implementation of educational initiatives to enhance ownership and accountability.
Inclusive Education: The program promoted inclusive education by addressing the educational needs of children with disabilities and other marginalized groups through special training, assistive devices, and accessible facilities.
Financial Support: SSA provided substantial financial assistance to state governments to strengthen educational infrastructure, recruit teachers, provide learning materials, and support other educational interventions.
Monitoring and Evaluation: The program implemented robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to track progress, assess learning outcomes, and address challenges in achieving universal elementary education.
In 2018, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was subsumed under the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), which integrates efforts to improve school education from pre-school to senior secondary levels. SSA played a significant role in expanding access to elementary education and laying the foundation for universal education in India.