Explain Sickle Cell Haemoglobin.

Sickle Cell Hemoglobin:

Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) is a genetic variant of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. Individuals with sickle cell anemia inherit two abnormal HbS genes, leading to the production of misshaped hemoglobin molecules. Under low oxygen conditions, these molecules cause red blood cells to assume a rigid, sickle-like shape, hindering blood flow. This results in chronic anemia, pain, and organ damage. Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder more prevalent in populations with a history of malaria, as carrying one HbS gene provides some resistance to the disease.