Explain Social mobility.
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Social Mobility:
Social mobility refers to the ability of individuals or groups to move within the social hierarchy, experiencing changes in their socio-economic status, class, or level of privilege over time. It reflects the degree of openness in a society, indicating the opportunities for upward or downward movement based on factors such as education, occupation, and income.
Key Aspects of Social Mobility:
Upward and Downward Mobility: Upward mobility occurs when individuals or groups move to a higher socio-economic position, often achieved through education, career advancements, or increased income. Downward mobility involves a decline in social status.
Inter-generational and Intra-generational Mobility: Inter-generational mobility refers to changes in social status between generations, while intra-generational mobility pertains to changes within an individual's lifetime.
Structural and Exchange Mobility: Structural mobility results from changes in the overall economic or social structure, affecting everyone. Exchange mobility involves individuals' movement within the social hierarchy without altering the overall structure.
Social mobility is a critical measure of societal equality and opportunity, reflecting the extent to which individuals can transcend the socio-economic circumstances into which they are born. High social mobility is often associated with more equitable societies, providing a chance for individuals to realize their full potential regardless of their background.