Explain some major technological innovations made in the 20th century.

The 20th century witnessed remarkable technological advancements that transformed society, revolutionized industries, and fundamentally altered human life. From communication to transportation, medicine to computing, the century saw groundbreaking innovations that continue to shape the modern world. Here are some major technological innovations of the 20th century:

1. Automobile:
   The automobile revolutionized transportation and urban development. Henry Ford's assembly line production of the Model T in 1908 made cars affordable for the middle class. The spread of automobiles led to the construction of highways and suburbs, transforming mobility and commerce.

2. Airplane:
   The Wright brothers' successful flight in 1903 marked the beginning of modern aviation. Advances in aircraft design and engineering during the 20th century enabled commercial air travel, global transportation networks, and military aviation capabilities.

3. Radio and Television:
   Radio broadcasting became widespread in the early 20th century, enabling real-time communication and entertainment over long distances. Television, developed in the mid-20th century, brought visual media into homes worldwide, revolutionizing news, entertainment, and advertising.

4. Telephone and Telecommunications:
   Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876 laid the foundation for modern telecommunications. The 20th century saw the development of long-distance and international telephone networks, followed by the rise of mobile phones and digital communication technologies.

5. Computers and Internet:
   The development of electronic computers in the mid-20th century marked a transformative leap in information technology. Innovations like the ENIAC (1946) and subsequent microprocessors led to the rise of personal computing. The invention of the internet in the 1960s revolutionized global communication and information sharing.

6. Space Exploration:
   The mid-20th century saw rapid advancements in space technology and exploration. The launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union in 1957 initiated the space race. The Apollo missions, culminating in the moon landing in 1969, demonstrated human capabilities in space exploration.

7. Medical Innovations:
   The 20th century saw significant medical advancements, including the development of antibiotics (e.g., penicillin), vaccines (e.g., polio vaccine), and surgical techniques (e.g., organ transplants). Imaging technologies like X-rays and MRI revolutionized medical diagnosis.

8. Nuclear Power:
   The harnessing of nuclear energy for electricity generation and weapons marked a major technological breakthrough. The development of nuclear reactors in the mid-20th century led to the expansion of nuclear power plants worldwide, despite concerns about safety and proliferation.

9. Biotechnology and Genetics:
   Advances in genetics and biotechnology accelerated in the latter half of the 20th century. The discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 paved the way for genetic engineering, cloning, and the sequencing of the human genome, ushering in the era of personalized medicine and bioengineering.

10. Digital Revolution:
    The late 20th century witnessed the digital revolution, characterized by the proliferation of personal computers, software development, and the internet. Innovations like graphical user interfaces, email, e-commerce, and social media transformed communication, commerce, and entertainment.

These technological innovations of the 20th century revolutionized every aspect of human life, from daily routines to global interactions. They accelerated globalization, expanded knowledge frontiers, and posed new ethical and societal challenges. The legacy of these innovations continues to shape the trajectory of technology in the 21st century, with ongoing advancements in areas like artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and space exploration.