Explain Swaraj as Self Rule.

Swaraj, translated as "self-rule" or "self-governance," was a central concept in Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy and vision for India's independence. It encompassed not only political independence from colonial rule but also a broader and more profound idea of self-rule at individual, community, and national levels.

1. Individual Self-Rule:
   Gandhi believed that true Swaraj begins at the individual level. It involved self-discipline, self-control, and the cultivation of moral and ethical values. Each individual, according to Gandhi, needed to govern their own actions and align them with the principles of truth (Satya) and non-violence (Ahimsa). This emphasis on individual self-discipline was crucial for the success of a self-governing society.

2. Community and Village Autonomy:
   Swaraj extended to the community level, advocating for decentralized governance and decision-making. Gandhi believed in the empowerment of local communities, particularly rural villages, and argued for their autonomy in matters of administration, justice, and education. He envisioned self-reliant villages that could fulfill their needs locally, promoting economic sustainability and social harmony.

3. Political Self-Rule:
   At the political level, Swaraj entailed the end of British colonial rule and the establishment of a self-governing Indian nation. However, Gandhi's vision went beyond mere political independence. He emphasized that political power should be derived from the people and should serve their well-being. Swaraj, in this context, involved a democratic and participatory form of governance, where the government's role was to serve the people.

4. Economic Self-Sufficiency:
   Gandhi envisioned economic self-sufficiency as an integral part of Swaraj. He advocated for decentralized cottage industries and the promotion of local economies. The idea was to reduce dependence on external resources and create a sustainable economic model that aligns with the principles of simplicity and non-exploitation.

5. Cultural and Spiritual Freedom:
   Swaraj, for Gandhi, wasn't confined to political and economic realms but also extended to cultural and spiritual dimensions. He sought the revitalization of India's cultural heritage and the promotion of a spiritual and ethical foundation for society.

In essence, Swaraj, as self-rule, was a comprehensive concept that aimed at the holistic development of individuals and communities. It emphasized the importance of moral values, decentralized governance, economic self-sufficiency, and a harmonious coexistence of diverse cultures. Gandhi believed that true independence could only be achieved when individuals and communities internalized the principles of self-rule in every aspect of life.