Describe the fundamental tenets of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
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Describe the fundamental tenets of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a psychological theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943, which suggests that human beings have five levels of needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order to achieve self-actualization. The basic assumptions of Maslow's hierarchy of needs are:
Hierarchy of Needs: Maslow proposed that human needs are arranged in a hierarchical order, with lower-level needs taking precedence over higher-level needs. According to Maslow, individuals must satisfy lower-level needs before they can progress to higher-level needs.
Progression: Maslow suggested that individuals move through the hierarchy of needs in a progressive manner. Once lower-level needs are satisfied, individuals are motivated to fulfill higher-level needs.
Deficiency Needs vs. Growth Needs: Maslow divided the hierarchy of needs into two categories: deficiency needs (lower-level needs) and growth needs (higher-level needs). Deficiency needs are basic physiological and psychological needs that must be met for survival and well-being, such as food, water, safety, and belongingness. Growth needs are higher-level needs related to personal growth, self-improvement, and self-actualization.
Prepotency: Maslow proposed that lower-level needs have greater potency or strength than higher-level needs. This means that individuals are more motivated to satisfy lower-level needs before moving on to higher-level needs.
Self-Actualization: At the top of the hierarchy is self-actualization, which is the realization of one's full potential and the highest level of psychological development. Maslow suggested that self-actualized individuals are creative, spontaneous, and focused on personal growth.
Uniqueness: Maslow believed that each individual is unique and has their own hierarchy of needs. While the general hierarchy of needs is the same for everyone, the specific needs and priorities of individuals may vary.
In summary, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on the assumption that human beings have five levels of needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order to achieve self-actualization. These needs progress from basic physiological needs to higher-level psychological needs, and individuals are motivated to fulfill these needs in a progressive manner.