Explain The Cold War.
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The Cold War was a geopolitical and ideological standoff between the United States and its Western allies, aligned with NATO, and the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies, primarily centered around the ideological differences of capitalism and communism. Lasting from the end of World War II in 1945 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Cold War was marked by intense political, military, and economic competition without direct armed conflict between the two superpowers.
Tensions manifested through the arms race, nuclear proliferation, espionage, and proxy wars, with notable conflicts including the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. The ideological divide and geopolitical rivalries shaped global politics, leading to the division of Germany, the construction of the Berlin Wall, and the establishment of mutually assured destruction (MAD) as a nuclear deterrence strategy. The end of the Cold War came with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, symbolized by the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and subsequent democratic transitions in Eastern Europe, leading to a realignment of global power dynamics.