Explain the following passages with reference to the context : “The old order changeth, yielding place to new, And God fulfils himself in many ways, Lest one good custom should corrupt the world. Comfort thyself: what comfort is in me? I have lived my life, and that which I have done May He within himself make pure!”

This passage is from Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "The Passing of Arthur," which is part of his larger work, "Idylls of the King." The poem draws upon the Arthurian legends, particularly the events following King Arthur's final battle with Mordred, as recounted in Sir Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur."

Contextual Explanation

King Arthur's Reflection on Change and Continuity

In this passage, King Arthur, mortally wounded and nearing the end of his life, speaks to Sir Bedivere. He reflects on the inevitable nature of change and the cyclical progression of time and societal orders. "The old order changeth, yielding place to new" suggests that the era of Arthur and the ideals of Camelot are giving way to a new era. This change is part of a divine plan, as indicated by "And God fulfils himself in many ways."

Acceptance of the End of an Era

Arthur's words acknowledge that even good customs and societal structures must evolve to prevent stagnation and corruption: "Lest one good custom should corrupt the world." This line implies that adherence to old ways, even if they were once noble and just, can become detrimental if they are not allowed to evolve.

Resignation and Hope for Redemption

In "Comfort thyself: what comfort is in me?" Arthur expresses his resignation to his fate and the limited solace he can offer as his life ends. His statement "I have lived my life, and that which I have done May He within himself make pure!" reflects a hope for spiritual redemption and purification of his actions and legacy by a higher power.

Thematic Significance

The Inevitability of Change

The passage underscores a central theme in Tennyson's Arthurian poems: the inevitability of change and the transient nature of power and glory. It reflects the understanding that all eras, no matter how glorious, must eventually come to an end.

The Complexity of Leadership and Legacy

Arthur's reflections also delve into the complexities of leadership and the burden of legacy. His acknowledgment of his own imperfections and the hope for divine purification suggest a nuanced view of his reign and the fallibility of even the most idealistic rulers.

The Role of Divine Providence

The mention of God's role in the unfolding of events and the purification of deeds adds a layer of religious and philosophical depth to the poem, suggesting that human endeavors and histories are part of a larger, divine tapestry.

Conclusion

In this passage, Tennyson captures the poignant moment of King Arthur's farewell, blending themes of change, legacy, and divine providence. Arthur's acceptance of the end of his era and his reflective, almost penitent attitude towards his life and actions offer a somber yet hopeful perspective on the cyclical nature of history and the enduring quest for moral and spiritual integrity. This passage, and "The Passing of Arthur" as a whole, serves as a meditation on the rise and fall of great leaders and the enduring impact of their legacies.