List any five diseases of Eri Silkworm Host Plants and five pests of Pests of Tasar Silkworms.

Five Diseases of Eri Silkworm Host Plants:

1. Leaf Spot Disease (Cercospora spp.):

   • Symptoms: Circular to irregular dark brown spots with yellow margins on leaves, leading to defoliation and reduced photosynthesis.
   • Management: Remove and destroy infected plant parts, improve air circulation, and avoid overhead irrigation.

2. Powdery Mildew (Oidium spp.):

   • Symptoms: White powdery fungal growth on leaves, stems, and flowers, causing leaf distortion and reduced plant vigor.
   • Management: Apply fungicidal sprays, improve air circulation, and avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization.

3. Root Rot (Rhizoctonia spp.):

   • Symptoms: Wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth due to root decay and rot.
   • Management: Improve soil drainage, avoid overwatering, and use disease-free planting material.

4. Leaf Blight (Alternaria spp.):

   • Symptoms: Large, irregular dark brown lesions on leaves, leading to defoliation and reduced plant health.
   • Management: Remove and destroy infected plant debris, practice crop rotation, and use resistant varieties.

5. Bacterial Leaf Spot (Pseudomonas spp.):

   • Symptoms: Water-soaked lesions on leaves, which later turn brown and necrotic.
   • Management: Avoid overhead irrigation, use copper-based fungicides, and maintain good plant hygiene.

Five Pests of Tasar Silkworms:

1. Tasar Silkworm Fly (Orthaga exvinacea):

   • Larvae feed on Tasar silkworms, causing defoliation and reduced cocoon production.
   • Management: Use biological control agents, such as parasitoids and predators, and maintain proper hygiene in rearing areas.

2. Tasar Silkworm Parasitic Wasp (Brachymeria spp.):

   • Parasitizes Tasar silkworm pupae, leading to reduced emergence of adult moths.
   • Management: Implement biological control measures by releasing parasitoid wasps that target the pest.

3. Tasar Silkworm Predator Beetles (Calosoma spp.):

   • Feeds on Tasar silkworm eggs, larvae, and pupae, impacting cocoon production.
   • Management: Use barrier methods and biological control agents to protect Tasar silkworms from predator beetles.

4. Tasar Silkworm Mite (Trombidium spp.):

   • Infests Tasar silkworm larvae, causing skin irritation and reduced growth.
   • Management: Maintain proper hygiene and use acaricides if necessary to control mite populations.

5. Tasar Silkworm Caterpillar (Glyphodes spp.):

   • Larvae feed on Tasar silkworm leaves, leading to defoliation and reduced silk production.
   • Management: Implement cultural practices, such as pruning and removing infested plant parts, to control caterpillar populations.

In summary, managing diseases of Eri silkworm host plants and pests of Tasar silkworms requires integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that incorporate cultural, biological, and chemical control measures. Regular monitoring, early detection, and prompt action are essential to minimize the impact of diseases and pests on silk production in sericulture.