List the machines used in the application of chemicals in mulberry gardens. Explain them in detail.

In mulberry gardens, the application of chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides is essential for maintaining healthy and productive mulberry plants. Various machines and equipment are used to apply these chemicals efficiently and effectively. Here is a list of machines commonly used for chemical application in mulberry gardens, along with detailed explanations of each:

1. Knapsack Sprayer:
A knapsack sprayer is a portable spraying device worn on the operator's back, consisting of a tank, pump, nozzle, and harness. It is commonly used for applying pesticides and foliar fertilizers in small to medium-sized mulberry gardens. The operator pumps the handle to pressurize the tank, allowing the chemical solution to be sprayed through the nozzle onto the mulberry plants.

2. Hand Sprayer:
A hand sprayer is a handheld device similar to a knapsack sprayer but smaller in size and capacity. It is suitable for spot applications of chemicals in smaller mulberry gardens or for targeted spraying of specific areas. Hand sprayers are convenient for precise and controlled application of chemicals.

3. Power Sprayer:
A power sprayer is a motorized spraying machine mounted on a wheeled chassis or a tractor. It consists of a large tank for holding chemical solutions, a high-pressure pump, hoses, and spray nozzles. Power sprayers are used for large-scale chemical application in commercial mulberry plantations. They provide higher spraying capacity and coverage, making them efficient for uniform chemical distribution.

4. Boom Sprayer:
A boom sprayer is a specialized type of power sprayer equipped with extendable spray booms. The booms are fitted with multiple spray nozzles arranged at intervals for wide-area coverage. Boom sprayers are ideal for large-scale mulberry plantations where uniform chemical application across rows of mulberry plants is required. They are commonly mounted on tractors for efficient operation.

5. Drip Irrigation System with Fertigation:
Drip irrigation systems integrated with fertigation capabilities are used to apply water-soluble fertilizers directly to the root zone of mulberry plants. This system delivers precise quantities of fertilizers through the irrigation water, ensuring efficient nutrient uptake by the plants. Drip irrigation with fertigation is particularly beneficial for improving nutrient management and reducing chemical wastage in mulberry gardens.

Explanation of Operation:

• Tank Filling and Mixing: Before using any chemical application machine, the tank is filled with the appropriate chemical solution, ensuring correct dilution and mixing as per recommended dosages.

• Calibration: Proper calibration of the machine is essential to determine the application rate and ensure uniform coverage. This involves adjusting the pressure, nozzle settings, and spray pattern according to specific application requirements.

• Spraying Technique: Operators are trained to use proper spraying techniques to achieve effective coverage while minimizing chemical drift and runoff. They maintain consistent speed and distance from the plants to achieve uniform application.

• Safety Precautions: Operators must follow safety guidelines, including wearing protective gear such as gloves, goggles, and masks, to prevent exposure to chemicals during application.

In summary, the selection of chemical application machines in mulberry gardens depends on factors such as garden size, terrain, and application requirements. Proper use and maintenance of these machines play a crucial role in achieving optimal results while ensuring the health and productivity of mulberry plants in sericulture.