What do you mean by social research? How is it different from ‘common sense’?

Social Research: An Introduction

Social research is a systematic and empirical investigation aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of social phenomena. It involves the application of scientific methods to explore, analyze, and interpret social patterns, behaviors, and structures. Social researchers employ various methodologies, including surveys, experiments, observations, and interviews, to gather and analyze data. The objective of social research is to generate knowledge, identify patterns, and contribute to the understanding of social issues, behaviors, and interactions.

1. Rigorous Methodology in Social Research

Social research is characterized by a rigorous and systematic methodology. Researchers follow a structured process that includes formulating research questions, designing research methods, collecting data, and analyzing findings. This methodological approach ensures the reliability and validity of the research outcomes, providing a basis for drawing conclusions and making informed interpretations.

2. Systematic Data Collection and Analysis

A key aspect of social research is the systematic collection and analysis of data. Researchers use a range of techniques to gather information, such as surveys, experiments, or qualitative methods like interviews and observations. The collected data are then systematically analyzed using statistical tools, content analysis, or other qualitative analysis methods. This systematic approach distinguishes social research from informal observations or anecdotal evidence.

3. Objectivity and Impartiality

Social research emphasizes objectivity and impartiality in the study of social phenomena. Researchers strive to minimize bias and subjectivity in their investigations. This commitment to objectivity ensures that the findings are not influenced by personal beliefs, opinions, or preconceived notions, enhancing the credibility of the research outcomes.

4. Generalizability and Representative Sampling

Social research aims for generalizability, seeking to draw conclusions that can be applied to broader populations. Researchers employ representative sampling methods to ensure that the study sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the larger population. This enhances the external validity of the research findings, making them applicable beyond the specific context of the study.

Differentiating Social Research from 'Common Sense'

5. Systematic Inquiry vs. Everyday Assumptions

Social research distinguishes itself from 'common sense' by relying on systematic inquiry and empirical evidence rather than everyday assumptions. While common sense is based on personal experiences, anecdotes, and widely held beliefs, social research employs rigorous methods to systematically investigate and validate claims about social phenomena.

6. Critical Examination vs. Casual Observation

Social research involves critical examination and scrutiny of social issues, whereas 'common sense' often relies on casual observation and intuitive reasoning. Researchers engage in thorough analysis and testing of hypotheses to uncover underlying patterns, contributing to a more nuanced and accurate understanding of social dynamics.

7. Scientific Rigor vs. Anecdotal Evidence

Social research adheres to scientific rigor, requiring empirical evidence and systematic methodologies. In contrast, 'common sense' may rely on anecdotal evidence or personal stories, which can be subjective, biased, or lacking in methodological rigor. Social research's commitment to systematic inquiry enhances the reliability and validity of its findings.

8. Objectivity vs. Subjectivity

A key difference lies in the pursuit of objectivity. Social research strives for an objective and impartial investigation, minimizing the influence of personal biases. 'Common sense,' on the other hand, can be subjective, influenced by personal experiences, cultural norms, or individual perspectives.

Conclusion

In conclusion, social research is a systematic and methodologically rigorous inquiry into social phenomena, employing empirical evidence, objectivity, and systematic analysis. It distinguishes itself from 'common sense' by emphasizing critical examination, scientific rigor, and the pursuit of generalizable knowledge. While 'common sense' relies on intuitive reasoning and everyday assumptions, social research contributes to a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the complexities of social life through systematic inquiry and evidence-based analysis.