What is BRT? Explain the principles to be followed in developing BRT system.

BRT stands for Bus Rapid Transit, a high-capacity public transportation system that combines the efficiency and reliability of rail transit with the flexibility and affordability of bus services. BRT systems typically feature dedicated lanes, high-frequency service, advanced fare collection, and priority at intersections to provide fast, frequent, and convenient transportation in urban areas.

The principles to be followed in developing a BRT system include:

1. Dedicated Bus Lanes: BRT systems prioritize bus operations by providing exclusive lanes for buses, separate from general traffic. Dedicated lanes ensure faster and more reliable service by reducing congestion and minimizing delays.

2. Bus Priority at Intersections: BRT corridors incorporate signal priority and dedicated turning lanes at intersections to allow buses to bypass traffic congestion and maintain schedule adherence. Traffic signal coordination and preemption systems prioritize buses, ensuring smooth and efficient operation along the route.

3. High-Quality Stations: BRT stations are designed to provide safe, comfortable, and accessible facilities for passengers. Stations feature amenities such as sheltered waiting areas, real-time information displays, ticket vending machines, and level boarding platforms for easy boarding and alighting.

4. Fast and Frequent Service: BRT systems offer high-frequency service with regular intervals between buses, providing convenient and reliable transportation options for passengers. Fast boarding and alighting procedures, such as multiple doors and off-board fare collection, minimize dwell times at stations, ensuring efficient operation and reduced travel times.

5. Integrated Fare Collection: BRT systems implement integrated fare collection systems that allow passengers to pay fares before boarding or at designated stations. Electronic ticketing, smart cards, and mobile payment options streamline the fare payment process, reducing boarding times and improving passenger flow.

6. Quality Bus Fleet: BRT systems utilize modern, comfortable, and environmentally friendly buses equipped with features such as low-floor boarding, air conditioning, and priority seating for passengers with disabilities. Well-maintained buses ensure safe, reliable, and comfortable travel for passengers.

7. Land Use Integration: BRT corridors are planned in coordination with land use and urban development strategies to promote transit-oriented development (TOD) and enhance access to employment, education, and recreational opportunities. BRT stations are located in close proximity to key destinations, encouraging pedestrian-friendly urban environments and reducing reliance on private vehicles.

By following these principles, BRT systems can provide efficient, affordable, and sustainable transportation solutions that meet the mobility needs of urban residents while promoting economic development, social equity, and environmental sustainability.