What is Function Analysis System Technique (FAST)? List out the steps involved in the Functional analysis and explain them.

Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) is a structured methodology used in value engineering and value analysis to systematically analyze the functions of a product, system, or process. FAST helps in understanding the relationships between functions and identifying opportunities for improvement. Here are the steps involved in the functional analysis process using FAST:

1. Identify Functions: The first step in functional analysis is to identify all the functions performed by the product, system, or process being analyzed. Functions are the activities or tasks that the entity is intended to perform to achieve its purpose or meet customer needs.

2. Establish Hierarchy: Once the functions are identified, they are organized into a hierarchical structure based on their relationships and dependencies. The hierarchy typically starts with the highest-level function, representing the main purpose or objective of the entity, and then breaks down into sub-functions or lower-level tasks.

3. Develop Function Tree: A function tree is created to visually represent the hierarchical structure of functions. The function tree illustrates how the functions are interconnected and how they contribute to achieving the overall objectives of the entity. Each function is depicted as a node on the tree, with lines indicating the relationships between functions.

4. Define Function Attributes: For each function identified, attributes are defined to describe its characteristics, requirements, and performance criteria. These attributes help in evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of each function and identifying areas for improvement.

5. Analyze Interfaces: Interfaces between functions are analyzed to understand how functions interact with each other and exchange information or materials. This involves identifying inputs, outputs, constraints, and dependencies associated with each interface.

6. Identify Constraints and Limitations: Constraints and limitations affecting the performance of functions are identified and analyzed. These may include resource constraints, technological limitations, regulatory requirements, or environmental factors that impact the functionality of the entity.

7. Generate Ideas for Improvement: Based on the functional analysis, ideas and suggestions for improving the performance, efficiency, or effectiveness of functions are generated. These ideas may involve redesigning processes, optimizing resources, simplifying tasks, or enhancing functionalities to better meet customer needs and objectives.

8. Evaluate Alternatives: The proposed ideas and alternatives are evaluated based on criteria such as feasibility, cost-effectiveness, impact on performance, and alignment with organizational goals. This involves assessing the benefits, risks, and trade-offs associated with each alternative.

By following these steps in functional analysis using FAST, organizations can gain a comprehensive understanding of the functions performed by their products, systems, or processes and identify opportunities for enhancing value, improving efficiency, and achieving competitive advantage.