What is the importance of earthing for any electrical equipment? Explain with example.

Earthing, also known as grounding, is essential for electrical equipment as it provides a safe path for electrical currents to flow to the ground, preventing the buildup of excess voltage and reducing the risk of electric shock, fires, and equipment damage. The importance of earthing can be explained through the following example:

Consider a scenario where a fault occurs in an electrical appliance, causing its metal casing to become energized with electricity. Without proper earthing, the metal casing remains electrically charged, posing a significant risk of electric shock to anyone who comes into contact with it. Additionally, if a person touches the energized metal casing while also touching a grounded surface, such as a metal pipe or water faucet, they may provide a path for the electrical current to flow through their body, resulting in severe injury or even death.

However, if the electrical equipment is properly grounded, the excess electrical charge is safely directed to the ground through the earthing system, rather than accumulating in the metal casing. This effectively reduces the risk of electric shock to anyone using or coming into contact with the equipment. Additionally, earthing helps protect the electrical system from damage by providing a low-resistance path for fault currents to dissipate, preventing overheating and potential fires.

Furthermore, earthing plays a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness of electrical protection devices, such as circuit breakers and surge protectors. These devices rely on a properly grounded system to detect and respond to faults and overloads, disconnecting power and preventing further damage or hazards.

In summary, earthing is vital for electrical equipment to maintain safety, protect against electric shock and fires, and ensure the proper functioning of electrical systems. Without adequate earthing, electrical installations and equipment are susceptible to various hazards and may pose significant risks to individuals and property.