What is the problem of Akrasia? How Augustine tries to view and resolve this problem? Do you think he was successful in resolving this problem?

The problem of Akrasia, also known as weakness of will or moral weakness, revolves around the apparent contradiction between knowing what is morally right and yet acting against that knowledge. It explores the phenomenon of individuals acting against their better judgment or moral principles, succumbing to desires or temptations that they are fully aware are detrimental.

Augustine, a prominent figure in Christian theology, grappled with the problem of Akrasia in his philosophical and theological reflections. In his work, particularly in the context of his early struggles with morality, Augustine offers insights into the nature of human will, desire, and the role of divine grace in overcoming moral weakness.

Augustine's View on Akrasia:

1. The Nature of Desire:

   • Augustine recognized the influential role of desire in human actions. He argued that desires are inherently tied to the will, and the will is ultimately oriented toward what it perceives as good. However, Augustine acknowledged the possibility of disordered desires, where individuals may be drawn to apparent goods that are, in fact, contrary to their ultimate well-being.

2. Conflict within the Soul:

   • Augustine portrayed the human soul as experiencing internal conflicts between the higher, rational self (the intellect or reason) and the lower, appetitive self (desires and passions). The struggle between these aspects of the self contributes to the problem of Akrasia.

3. Role of Grace and Divine Assistance:

   • Augustine's solution to the problem of Akrasia involved a profound reliance on divine grace. He argued that human beings, due to the inherited effects of original sin, are in need of divine assistance to overcome moral weakness. Grace, according to Augustine, works within the individual, transforming the will and aligning it with the divine.

Augustine's success in resolving the problem of Akrasia can be evaluated from different perspectives:

1. Theological Perspective:

   • From a theological standpoint, Augustine's emphasis on divine grace aligns with Christian teachings on the transformative power of God's assistance. Augustine's solution resonates with the Christian idea that individuals, through a relationship with God, can find strength to overcome moral weaknesses.

2. Critiques and Challenges:

   • However, some philosophical critics argue that Augustine's reliance on divine grace might seem to diminish human responsibility and agency. The question arises whether Augustine's solution fully addresses the philosophical intricacies of Akrasia without introducing theological assumptions.

3. Influence on Later Thought:

   • Augustine's insights into the problem of Akrasia have had a profound impact on Christian theology and philosophy. Many later philosophers and theologians engaged with Augustine's ideas, contributing to ongoing discussions about free will, moral agency, and divine grace.

In conclusion, Augustine approached the problem of Akrasia by delving into the complexities of human will, desire, and the transformative role of divine grace. While his theological perspective offers a unique resolution that aligns with Christian doctrine, the success of his solution depends on one's acceptance of theological premises. Augustine's contributions have sparked continued debates and reflections on the nature of human agency, morality, and the potential influences of divine intervention.