Who are called refugees? What are the Rights available to them.

Refugees are individuals who have been forced to flee their home countries due to well-founded fears of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights abuses. They seek refuge and protection in another country where they are unable or unwilling to return due to fear of persecution or harm. Refugees are recognized under international law, primarily governed by the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol.

Key rights available to refugees under international law include:

1. Non-Refoulement:
   The principle of non-refoulement prohibits the expulsion or return of refugees to a country where their life or freedom would be at risk due to persecution or threats. This principle is considered a cornerstone of refugee protection and is binding on all states.

2. Right to Seek Asylum:
   Refugees have the right to seek asylum in another country and to have their claims for refugee status assessed in a fair and timely manner. States are obligated to provide access to asylum procedures and ensure that refugees are not penalized for irregular entry or stay.

3. Protection from Discrimination:
   Refugees are entitled to the same rights and freedoms as nationals of the host country, including protection from discrimination based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.

4. Access to Basic Rights:
   Refugees have the right to access basic services and rights, including education, healthcare, housing, and employment opportunities. Host countries are responsible for ensuring that refugees can meet their basic needs and live with dignity.

5. Freedom of Movement:
   Refugees should not be arbitrarily detained solely based on their status as refugees. They have the right to freedom of movement within the host country and should not be confined to refugee camps or restricted areas without valid reasons.

6. Family Reunification:
   Refugees have the right to be reunited with their immediate family members, including spouses and children, who are also in need of international protection. States should facilitate family reunification procedures for refugees.

7. Access to Documentation:
   Refugees have the right to legal documentation and identity papers, including refugee status documents, which are essential for accessing rights and services in the host country.

8. Right to Work:
   Refugees have the right to access lawful and gainful employment opportunities in the host country. States should remove legal barriers and provide support for refugees to integrate into the labor market.

9. Right to Education:
   Refugee children have the right to access education on an equal basis with nationals of the host country. States should ensure that refugee children can enroll in schools and receive quality education.

10. Right to Personal Property:
    Refugees have the right to own and dispose of property, including housing and possessions, in the same manner as nationals of the host country.

11. Access to Legal Assistance:
    Refugees have the right to access legal assistance and representation to defend their rights, challenge adverse decisions, and seek remedies in case of violations.

It's important to note that while these rights are enshrined in international law, their effective realization often depends on the willingness and capacity of host countries to uphold refugee rights and provide adequate protection and support. Many refugees face challenges and barriers in accessing their rights due to resource constraints, restrictive policies, and xenophobic attitudes. International cooperation, solidarity, and commitment to refugee protection are essential to ensure the rights and dignity of refugees are respected and upheld worldwide.