Why did India choose not to ratify the NPT, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty? Describe.
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India did not sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) primarily due to concerns about the discriminatory nature of the treaty. The NPT, established in 1968, categorized countries into nuclear-armed states (Nuclear Weapons States – NWS) and non-nuclear-armed states (Non-Nuclear Weapons States – NNWS). India, as a non-signatory, argued that the NPT perpetuated nuclear inequality by legitimizing the possession of nuclear weapons by a select group of nations.
India asserted its commitment to disarmament and expressed the need for a comprehensive, non-discriminatory treaty that addresses the elimination of existing nuclear arsenals. The discriminatory nature of the NPT, compounded by the failure of the nuclear-armed states to make significant progress towards disarmament, led India to maintain a policy of strategic autonomy and refrain from signing the treaty.
India's nuclear policy emphasizes a "no first use" stance and a commitment to nuclear disarmament, but it insists on participating in a global framework that ensures equal security for all nations. This principled stance has shaped India's position as a non-signatory to the NPT.