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The administrative system of the Marathas, who established a significant empire in the Indian subcontinent during the 17th and 18th centuries, was marked by a decentralized structure, efficient revenue management, and military organization. The Maratha Empire, under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji and subsequent rulers, developed a distinctive administrative system that reflected their military prowess and adaptability.

1. Decentralized Administration:
The Maratha administrative system was characterized by a decentralized structure, where authority was delegated to regional and local leaders. The empire was divided into provinces, each headed by a Subedar or a Sardar. These provincial leaders enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy in governing their respective territories, contributing to administrative efficiency and adaptability.

2. Revenue System:
The revenue system implemented by the Marathas was influenced by the Deccan model, emphasizing equitable land revenue collection. The state's share of agricultural produce was fixed at one-third, allowing cultivators a significant portion of their produce. This approach aimed to ensure the prosperity of the agrarian economy and maintain the loyalty of the farming community.

3. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi:
The Marathas were known for the imposition of the Chauth and Sardeshmukhi, which were levies on territories outside their direct control. Chauth represented a one-fourth share of the revenue collected from non-Maratha territories, while Sardeshmukhi was an additional ten percent. These levies, though seen as a form of taxation, also served strategic and diplomatic purposes.

4. Asthapradhan and Ashtapradhan Mandal:
The Maratha administrative council, known as the Ashtapradhan Mandal, was a significant feature of their governance. The council comprised eight ministers, each responsible for specific portfolios such as finance, internal security, and foreign affairs. The Peshwa, the prime minister, held a central position, coordinating the overall administration. This administrative structure provided a system of checks and balances.

5. Military Administration:
Given the martial nature of the Marathas, military administration played a crucial role. The Maratha army was well-organized, with different units specialized in infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The military leaders, known as Sardars, played a dual role in both military and administrative capacities, contributing to the overall efficiency of the empire.

6. Forts and Strongholds:
The Marathas strategically utilized forts and strongholds for defensive purposes and as centers of administration. These forts were strategically located to control key trade routes and protect the empire from external threats. Many of these forts served as administrative centers, showcasing the integrated approach to military and administrative functions.

In conclusion, the administrative system of the Marathas reflected their pragmatic approach, adaptability, and decentralized governance. The emphasis on equitable revenue collection, decentralized administration, and a well-organized military contributed to the success and longevity of the Maratha Empire. Despite facing challenges from external powers, the Marathas left a lasting legacy on the administrative structures of the Indian subcontinent.