Write a short note on autonomic Nervous system.
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Write a short note on autonomic Nervous system.
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a crucial part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiological functions, maintaining internal homeostasis and responding to environmental changes. It operates without conscious control and has two main branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Sympathetic Nervous System: Often referred to as the "fight or flight" system, it prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations. Activation leads to increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and the release of adrenaline, priming the body for rapid, intense activity.
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Known as the "rest and digest" system, it promotes relaxation and recovery. It slows down the heart rate, enhances digestion, and conserves energy by maintaining bodily functions at restful states.
The ANS also includes the enteric nervous system, which controls gastrointestinal functions. Together, these components ensure that essential processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiratory rate are effectively managed, adapting to the body's immediate needs and maintaining overall stability.