Write a short note on group think and Group polarisation.

Groupthink:

Groupthink is a phenomenon characterized by a group's tendency to prioritize consensus and cohesion over critical thinking and independent decision-making. In groupthink, members of a group suppress dissenting viewpoints and conform to the dominant opinion, leading to flawed decision-making processes and outcomes. Key symptoms of groupthink include overconfidence, closed-mindedness, self-censorship, and pressure to conform. Groupthink can occur in various contexts, such as organizational settings, political decision-making, and group brainstorming sessions. To mitigate groupthink, group leaders and members should encourage diversity of perspectives, promote critical thinking and constructive dissent, foster an open and inclusive decision-making process, and seek external input and feedback.

Group Polarization:

Group polarization is the tendency for group discussions to intensify individuals' preexisting attitudes or inclinations towards a particular position or viewpoint. When individuals participate in group discussions, they are exposed to a range of arguments, opinions, and perspectives, which may reinforce their initial beliefs and lead to more extreme positions. Group polarization can occur due to informational influences, where individuals learn new information and arguments that strengthen their existing beliefs, as well as social comparison processes, where individuals conform to the perceived norms and attitudes of the group. Group polarization has implications for decision-making, social movements, and intergroup relations, as it can lead to the amplification of both positive and negative attitudes within groups. To mitigate group polarization, group facilitators should encourage critical thinking, promote diverse perspectives, and create an environment that values open dialogue and constructive disagreement.