Write a short note on neuroimaging Techniques.
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Write a short note on neuroimaging Techniques.
Neuroimaging techniques revolutionized our understanding of the brain's structure and function by providing non-invasive methods to visualize and analyze brain activity. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a cornerstone of neuroimaging, offering high-resolution images of brain anatomy and pathology. Functional MRI (fMRI) measures changes in blood flow and oxygenation, mapping brain activity during tasks or at rest. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detects positron-emitting tracers, revealing metabolic activity and neurotransmitter binding in the brain. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) utilizes gamma-ray-emitting tracers for similar purposes. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) tracks water diffusion along white matter tracts, enabling the mapping of structural connectivity in the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) records electrical activity via scalp electrodes, providing insights into brain rhythms and event-related potentials. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) detects magnetic fields generated by neural activity, offering high temporal resolution. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) measures changes in blood oxygenation, suitable for studying cortical activity in infants and clinical populations. Each technique has unique strengths and limitations, catering to diverse research and clinical needs. Neuroimaging continues to advance rapidly, fostering interdisciplinary collaborations and innovative discoveries in neuroscience and neurology.