Write a short note on Public Interest Litigation (PIL).

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal mechanism that allows individuals or non-governmental organizations to initiate legal proceedings in the interest of the public or a particular section of society. Unlike traditional litigation where only directly affected parties can file a case, PIL enables citizens to act as 'public interest litigants,' representing the broader welfare of the public.

The concept of PIL emerged to address the need for greater judicial activism in matters of public concern, promoting social justice, and ensuring that the rights of marginalized and vulnerable sections of society are protected. It has become an essential tool for promoting transparency, accountability, and the rule of law.

PIL cases often involve issues related to environmental protection, human rights, corruption, and public welfare. The judiciary, particularly in countries like India, has played a crucial role in entertaining PIL petitions and delivering judgments that shape public policies and governance.

PIL serves as a powerful instrument for citizens to hold the government accountable and seek legal redress for societal issues. By broadening access to justice, PIL contributes to the realization of constitutional values and the protection of the collective interests of the public.