Write a short note on social disorganisation.

Social disorganization refers to the breakdown of social structures, norms, and cohesion within a community, leading to increased crime, disorder, and instability. This concept, popularized by sociologist Robert E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess in the early 20th century, emphasizes the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and crime rates. Factors such as poverty, unemployment, residential mobility, ethnic diversity, and inadequate social control contribute to social disorganization by weakening community bonds and informal social control mechanisms. Communities experiencing social disorganization often lack effective institutions, resources, and social networks to address community problems and maintain order. As a result, crime and delinquency thrive in environments marked by social disorganization, highlighting the importance of addressing underlying social and economic disparities to promote community stability and safety.